1. Crabtree's catalyst is used in isotope exchange reactions . 2. Increases in temperature and pH enhances the ion exchange reaction . 3. For the self-exchange reaction , the redox pair ( e . g. 4. The hydrophilic portion of sodium phosphate removes calcium from the calcium paracaseinate from ion exchange reactions . 5. Reduction of a typical disulfide bond by DTT via two sequential thiol-disulfide exchange reactions . 6. The exchange reaction needs to be carried out with the isolated proteins and with the complex. 7. The amount of isotopic fractionation in an exchange reaction can be expressed as a fractionation factor: 8. They are slowed down due to the charge exchange reaction as they migrate to the plasma aperture. 9. Such exchange reactions can occur intramolecularly, leading to the rearrangement of disulfide bonds in a single protein. 10. Dihydrolipoic acid ( DHLA ) can also form intracellularly and extracellularly via non-enzymatic, thiol-disulfide exchange reactions .
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